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中药植物雌激素的研究进展(1)
http://www.100md.com 2017年9月15日 《中国中药杂志》 2017年第18期
     [摘要]植物雌激素是与人体内源性雌激素17β雌二醇结构相似的植物来源的化合物,通过与雌激素受体结合而引起拟/抗雌激素作用。该文系统梳理了近年国内外已报道的植物雌激素相关文献,其化学成分主要为黄酮类、香豆素类、木脂素类、萜类、甾体类化合物等,具有防治围绝经期综合征、骨质疏松、心血管疾病、代谢性相关疾病、癌症及调节大脑功能等多种药理作用;其作用机制主要包括经典雌激素受体通路、表觀遗传效应、激活5′腺苷磷酸激活蛋白激酶、抑制激酶、活化过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体、调节凋亡相关的蛋白、抑制核因子κB信号通路等。植物雌激素按其功效主要分布在补虚药、活血化瘀药和清热药中,具有雌激素活性的经典名方主要为补益剂、理气药及和解剂等,该综述以期为科研人员和临床工作者进一步研究植物雌激素提供一定的参考。

    [关键词]植物雌激素; 雌激素受体; 化学; 药理; 中药

    Research progress in phytoestrogens of traditional Chinese medicine
, http://www.100md.com
    ZHAO Yuan, ZHENG Hongxia, XU Ying*, LIN Na*

    (Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China)

    [Abstract]Phytoestrogens are plantderived compounds, which have a similarity in structure with human endogenous estrogen 17βestradiol. Structural likeness enables phytoestrogens to interact with estrogen receptors, not simply mimicking the effects of human steroidal estrogen but also exhibiting similar and divergent actions. The global literature relating to phytoestrogen in recent years was systematically summarized in this paper. Chemical compositions of phytoestrogens were mainly flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, terpenoids, steroids, etc., with a character of prevention and treatment of perimenopausal syndrome, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases, cancer, regulation of brain function and other pharmacological effects. The mechanisms of action mainly included classical estrogen receptor pathway, epigenetic effect, activation of 5′adenosylphosphoactivated protein kinase, inhibition of kinase, activation of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor, regulation of apoptosisrelated proteins, inhibition of nuclear factor κB signaling pathway and so on. According to their efficacy classification, phytoestrogens were mainly distributed in the tonifying medicines, bloodactivating and stasisresolving medicines and heatclearing medicines. The classical prescriptions with estrogen activity included tonifying formula, Qiregulating formula and harmonizing formula, etc. This review was aimed at providing a certain reference for the further study of phytoestrogens by researchers and clinicians.
, 百拇医药
    [Key words]phytoestrogen; estrogen receptor; chemistry; pharmacology; traditional Chinese medicine

    雌激素是人体内存在的一类甾体化合物,在女性生理发育和某些疾病的发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用,主要为雌二醇,其生理功效最强,其次为雌酮和雌三醇。大量研究表明,绝经期女性应用雌激素替代治疗(estrogen replacement therapy,ERT)可明显减轻妇女绝经期症状,预防骨质疏松,降低心血管疾病发病率。但长期应用雌激素易产生高血凝状态、高血压、水肿等副反应,并增加乳腺癌及子宫内膜癌的发病危险[1]。为此,人们致力于寻求雌激素替代物,其中作用比较温和的植物雌激素(phytoestrogen,PE)已成为研究的热点。PE与内源性雌激素类似,也可结合体内的雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER),因其活性仅为内源性雌激素的1/1 000~1/10万,故在体内具有双重调节作用,即:一方面在体内雌激素水平较低时,可与ER结合发挥雌激素样作用;另一方面,在体内雌激素水平较高时,PE因竞争性与ER 结合,占据了ER 结合部位,阻止了强活性的内源性雌激素与ER 的结合,有效地减弱了靶细胞对雌激素的应答,产生拮抗雌激素的作用[2],因此,近年来PE又被称为“选择性雌激素受体调节剂”。1928年人们首次从植物中分离出具有雌激素活性的化学组分,1975年PE被证实存在于几百余种植物中,目前被广泛用于相关疾病的预防和治疗。本文对近年来PE的化学成分研究、药效/药理作用、作用机制以及具有雌激素活性的中药等方面的研究进行综述,以期为后续中药PE的研究奠定基础。, 百拇医药(赵元 郑红霞 徐颖林娜)
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